1. ★ c. 13,000 BCE The first peoples in the basin of Mexico
2. c. 9000 BCE Clovis hunters and the end of the megafauna
3. ★ c. 7000 BCE Maize domesticated in the Balsas valley
4. c. 5000 BCE Squash, beans and chilli
5. c. 2500 BCE The first villages and pottery
6. ★ c. 1500 BCE San Lorenzo and the Olmec
7. c. 1200 BCE The colossal heads carved
8. c. 900 BCE La Venta at its height
9. c. 700 BCE Rubber and the ballgame
10. ★ c. 500 BCE Monte Alban founded
11. c. 400 BCE Zapotec writing
12. c. 300 BCE The Long Count calendar
13. ★ c. 100 BCE Teotihuacan founded
14. c. 100 CE The Pyramid of the Sun
15. c. 200 CE Cuicuilco destroyed by lava
16. ★ c. 250 The Maya Classic period begins
17. 378 Teotihuacan intervenes at Tikal
18. c. 450 Teotihuacan at its height
19. ★ c. 550 Teotihuacan burns
20. 615 Pakal takes the throne at Palenque
21. 683 Pakal buried under the Temple of the Inscriptions
22. c. 750 The Bonampak murals
23. ★ 800-900 The Classic Maya collapse
24. c. 900 Monte Alban abandoned
25. ★ c. 950 Tula and the Toltecs
26. c. 987 Chichen Itza rises
27. c. 1150 Tula falls
28. ★ 1325 Tenochtitlan founded
29. 1376 The first Mexica ruler
30. ★ 1428 The Triple Alliance
31. 1440 Moctezuma I and the imperial system
32. 1450-1454 Four years of famine
33. ★ 1487 The Templo Mayor rededicated
34. c. 1500 The chinampas feed a quarter million people
35. 1502 Moctezuma II succeeds
36. ★ February 1519 Cortes lands on the coast
37. September 1519 The Tlaxcalan alliance
38. ★ 8 November 1519 Cortes enters Tenochtitlan
39. May 1520 The Toxcatl massacre
40. 30 June 1520 La Noche Triste
41. ★ 1520 Smallpox reaches the basin
42. ★ 13 August 1521 Tenochtitlan falls
43. 1521 Mexico City built on the ruins
44. 1524 The twelve Franciscans arrive
45. ★ December 1531 The apparition of Guadalupe
46. 1535 The Viceroyalty of New Spain
47. 1539 The first printing press in the Americas
48. ★ 1545-1548 The great cocoliztli
49. ★ 1546 Silver found at Zacatecas
50. 1550-1590 The Chichimeca War
51. 1565 The Manila galleon
52. 1571 The Inquisition established
53. ★ c. 1600 The population collapse
54. 1607 The draining of the lakes begins
55. 1629 Mexico City under water for five years
56. 1648 Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz born
57. 8 June 1692 The maize riot
58. 1697 The last Maya kingdom falls
59. 1700s The casta system
60. 1767 The Jesuits expelled
61. 1778 The Bourbon reforms and free trade
62. 1799 Humboldt's expedition
63. 1804 The Consolidation decree
64. 1808 Napoleon takes Spain
65. ★ 16 September 1810 The Grito de Dolores
66. July 1811 Hidalgo executed
67. 1813 Morelos and the Congress of Chilpancingo
68. December 1815 Morelos executed
69. ★ 24 August 1821 Independence
70. 1822 Iturbide crowned emperor
71. 1824 The federal constitution
72. 15 September 1829 Slavery abolished
73. 1833 Santa Anna's first presidency
74. ★ 1836 Texas secedes
75. 1838 The Pastry War
76. ★ 1846-1848 The war with the United States
77. 1847 The Caste War of Yucatan begins
78. ★ 2 February 1848 The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
79. 1853 The Gadsden Purchase
80. 1855 The Revolution of Ayutla and La Reforma
81. ★ 1857 The liberal constitution
82. 1858-1861 The War of the Reform
83. July 1861 Juarez suspends the debt
84. ★ 5 May 1862 The Battle of Puebla
85. 1864 Maximilian crowned emperor
86. ★ 19 June 1867 Maximilian executed and the republic restored
87. 1872 Juarez dies in office
88. ★ 1876 Porfirio Diaz takes power
89. 1880s The railway boom
90. 1883 The land law
91. 1900 Regeneracion and the Flores Magon brothers
92. 1 June 1906 The Cananea strike
93. January 1907 Rio Blanco
94. 1908 The Creelman interview
95. September 1910 The centenary celebrations
96. ★ 20 November 1910 The Revolution begins
97. May 1911 Diaz resigns
98. November 1911 The Plan de Ayala
99. ★ February 1913 The Ten Tragic Days
100. 1913 The Constitutionalists take the field
101. April 1914 The United States occupies Veracruz
102. 1914 The Convention of Aguascalientes
103. April 1915 Celaya
104. March 1916 Villa raids Columbus
105. ★ 5 February 1917 The Constitution of 1917
106. ★ 10 April 1919 Zapata assassinated
107. 1920 Carranza killed and Obregon takes over
108. 1921 The muralists commissioned
109. 20 July 1923 Villa assassinated
110. ★ 1926-1929 The Cristero War
111. ★ 1929 The party of the revolution founded
112. ★ 1934 Cardenas and the land reform
113. ★ 18 March 1938 The oil expropriation
114. 1942 The Bracero Program
115. ★ 1946-1970 The Mexican miracle
116. ★ 17 October 1953 Women get the vote
117. ★ 2 October 1968 The Tlatelolco massacre
118. 1976-1981 The oil boom
119. ★ August 1982 The debt crisis
120. ★ 19 September 1985 The Mexico City earthquake
121. 1988 The stolen election
122. 1992 The ejido reform
123. ★ 1 January 1994 NAFTA and the Zapatista rising
124. March 1994 Colosio assassinated
125. December 1994 The peso crisis
126. ★ 2 July 2000 The PRI loses power
127. ★ December 2006 The drug war declared
128. ★ 26 September 2014 The forty-three of Ayotzinapa
129. ★ 1 July 2018 Lopez Obrador wins
130. 2020 The pandemic
131. 2023 Nearshoring makes Mexico America's largest trading partner
132. ★ 2 June 2024 Claudia Sheinbaum elected