1. ★ c. 12,000 BCE First peoples in the Andes
2. c. 9000 BCE Guitarrero Cave occupied
3. ★ c. 8000 BCE Domestication of Andean crops begins
4. c. 6000 BCE Camelid herding in the highlands
5. c. 5000 BCE Chinchorro mummification on the coast
6. c. 3500 BCE Cotton and fishing nets on the coast
7. ★ c. 3000 BCE Caral built in the Supe valley
8. c. 2600 BCE Norte Chico civilisation flourishes
9. c. 1800 BCE Sechin Bajo and the coastal temples
10. c. 1500 BCE Pottery and maize arrive
11. c. 1200 BCE Kotosh religious tradition
12. ★ c. 900 BCE Chavin de Huantar founded
13. c. 850 BCE The Lanzon installed
14. c. 800 BCE Chavin art style spreads
15. c. 700 BCE Goldworking at Chongoyape
16. c. 600 BCE Paracas culture on the south coast
17. c. 500 BCE Trepanation practised in the Andes
18. c. 400 BCE Pukara emerges near Titicaca
19. c. 250 BCE Chavin influence collapses
20. c. 100 BCE Nazca culture begins
21. c. 50 BCE Puquios aqueducts dug
22. ★ c. 1 CE Nazca Lines created
23. ★ c. 100 CE Moche state forms on the north coast
24. c. 200 CE Huaca del Sol and Huaca de la Luna built
25. c. 300 CE Moche portrait pottery
26. c. 400 CE Tiwanaku rises on the altiplano
27. ★ c. 450 CE Lord of Sipan buried
28. c. 536 CE Prolonged drought and El Nino floods
29. c. 600 CE Moche capital shifts to Pampa Grande
30. ★ c. 600 CE Wari expands from Ayacucho
31. c. 650 CE Nazca culture declines
32. c. 650 CE Wari terracing transforms agriculture
33. c. 700 CE Pikillacta built
34. c. 750 CE Tiwanaku at its height
35. ★ c. 800 CE Quipu record-keeping in use
36. c. 900 CE Wari collapses
37. c. 1000 CE Tiwanaku abandoned
38. ★ c. 1000 Chimu kingdom founded at Chan Chan
39. c. 1100 Chimu irrigation network
40. c. 1150 Chancay and Ychsma on the central coast
41. ★ c. 1200 Kingdom of Cusco founded
42. c. 1250 Chachapoya build Kuelap
43. c. 1350 Chimu conquer the northern valleys
44. c. 1400 Sican goldwork at Batan Grande
45. ★ 1438 Inca defeat the Chanka
46. c. 1440 Pachacuti rebuilds Cusco
47. ★ c. 1450 Machu Picchu built
48. c. 1460 Sacsayhuaman begun
49. c. 1463 Topa Inca conquers Chimor
50. ★ c. 1470 The Qhapaq Nan road network
51. c. 1480 Mitma resettlement policy
52. 1493 Huayna Capac becomes Sapa Inca
53. ★ c. 1527 Smallpox reaches the Andes
54. ★ 1529 Civil war between Atahualpa and Huascar
55. ★ 16 November 1532 Capture of Atahualpa at Cajamarca
56. ★ 1533 Spanish enter Cusco
57. ★ 18 January 1535 Lima founded
58. 1536 Manco Inca besieges Cusco
59. 1541 Pizarro assassinated
60. ★ 1545 Silver found at Potosi
61. 1551 University of San Marcos founded
62. ★ 1569 Viceroy Toledo arrives
63. ★ 1572 Tupac Amaru executed
64. 1600 Huaynaputina erupts
65. 1609 Garcilaso publishes the Royal Commentaries
66. c. 1650 Cusco School of painting
67. 1687 Earthquake devastates Lima
68. 1717 Viceroyalty of New Granada split off
69. 1746 Lima and Callao destroyed
70. ★ 1780 Tupac Amaru II rebellion
71. 1781 Tupac Amaru II executed at Cusco
72. 1808 Napoleon invades Spain
73. 1814 Cusco rebellion of Pumacahua
74. 1820 San Martin lands at Paracas
75. ★ 28 July 1821 Independence proclaimed in Lima
76. 6 August 1824 Battle of Junin
77. ★ 9 December 1824 Battle of Ayacucho
78. 1826 Callao surrenders
79. 1836 Peru-Bolivian Confederation
80. ★ 1845 Ramon Castilla and the guano boom
81. 1849 Chinese indentured labourers arrive
82. ★ 1854 Slavery and indigenous tribute abolished
83. 1866 Battle of Callao
84. 1872 First civilian president elected
85. ★ 1879 War of the Pacific begins
86. 1881 Chilean occupation of Lima
87. ★ 1883 Treaty of Ancon
88. 1895 Aristocratic Republic begins
89. 24 July 1911 Hiram Bingham reaches Machu Picchu
90. 1919 Leguia's Oncenio begins
91. 1930 Leguia overthrown
92. 1932 Trujillo uprising
93. 1941 War with Ecuador
94. 1948 Odria seizes power
95. ★ 1962 Mass migration to Lima accelerates
96. ★ 1968 Velasco's military government
97. ★ 24 June 1969 Agrarian reform decreed
98. ★ 31 May 1970 Ancash earthquake
99. ★ 1980 Shining Path launches its war
100. 1985 Garcia's first term and hyperinflation
101. ★ 1990 Fujimori elected
102. ★ 5 April 1992 Self-coup and capture of Guzman
103. December 1996 Japanese embassy hostage crisis
104. ★ 2000 Fujimori flees to Japan
105. ★ 2003 Truth and Reconciliation Commission reports
106. 15 August 2007 Pisco earthquake
107. 2011 Mining boom and social conflict
108. ★ 2020 Pandemic and political crisis
109. December 2022 Castillo removed after self-coup attempt